Radio frequency identification (RFID)

In this technology, we use radio frequency signals to identify objects. Hence it is also known as automatic data collection technology. This technology helps us to track, track and identify objects. But one condition is that objects should be RFID tagged and we should have an RFID reader in our range. RFID system consists of a tag or transponder and reader or transceiver. Tags are further classified into passive and active. Readers are further classified into Fixed and Mobile readers.

Energy saving lamps

Osram, a lamp manufacturing company in India has participated UN climate protection program recently. This program involves exchanging light bulbs for energy efficient lighting units. These lamps will lower power bills and also minimize the carbon dioxide emissions. Osram recently received emission certificates from the UN.

Low-cost conductometer

A special type of circuit is used here. The basic principle is that the frequency of a multivibrator is controlled by resistance arm if the capacitance is kept constant. Using a frequency-sensitive current network, frequency is measured. Now by measuring current, conductance of the solution can be determined. Here for the construction of multivibrator, a high-gain op-amp with infinite current output is selected and then given a positive as well as negative feedback.

Automatic water level controller

This is an electronic gadget that controls the switching on/off of the pump motor automatically on the basis of water level in the water reservoir. In Atmel ATMega8 model, a low poer 8-bit RISC microcontroller is used which carries superlative performance. Main features of this device are 8K bytes of in-system self-programmable flash, 512 bytes EEPROM, 16 bit timer/counter, 6-channel ADC in PDIP package, internal interrupt sources, programmable watchdog timer with separate on-chip oscillator and 23 programmable I/O lines.

WPAN

WPAN is the short form of Wireless Personal Area Network. This is an economical technology which utilizes less power. In personal computing devices, mobile phones and even in some electronic devices this technology is used. This technology includes Bluetooth, Zigbee, ultra webband (UWB), certified wireless USB and Wibree. Bluetooth technology is omnidirectional. Zigbee is a low rate low power technology. UWB and USB are radio technology. Wibree is a digital radio technology.